What Is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Definition, Uses, and More

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Once reserved for the realms of science fiction, artificial intelligence (AI) is now a very real, emerging technology, with a vast array of applications and benefits. From generating vast quantities of content in mere seconds to answering queries, analyzing data, automating tasks, and providing personal assistance, there’s so much it’s capable of.

Unsurprisingly, with such versatility, AI technology is swiftly becoming part of many businesses and industries, playing an increasingly large part in the processes that shape our world. But what is artificial intelligence, exactly? How does it work and what are some of the types, pros, and cons of AI systems? Let’s find out.

What Exactly Is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

AI is quite a broad, umbrella term with multiple interpretations. However, at a fundamental level, it can be defined as a representation of human intelligence through the medium of machines.

In other words, AI is about enabling devices like computers to carry out tasks and processes that would usually demand human-level intelligence, like reading, understanding and responding to language, analyzing data, and problem solving, learning and improving as they do so.

That’s the key part – “learning and improving.” For years, we’ve been able to code or program machines to carry out tasks, but with AI, there’s no need to do so. AI-powered systems can learn as they go, gaining knowledge from the data they work with to become more efficient and intelligent.

A Brief History of AI So Far

As a concept, the history of AI goes back many decades. It’s been talked about and dreamed of throughout history, with famed computer scientist Alan Turing developing his self-named “Turing test” and exploring the possibilities of AI in solving problems and making decisions back in 1950.

Turing’s work, especially his paper, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” effectively demonstrated that some sort of machine or artificial intelligence was a plausible reality. In the years that followed, many more researchers and scientists built on his discoveries.

They focused primarily on the science of “machine learning.” This is the process of effectively teaching machines to learn new skills from data without the need for specific programming, recreating the power of the human brain in machine form.

Yet, for all the research efforts, the idea of functional AI remained something of a pipe dream for several decades. It was written about in sci-fi books or imagined in movies and TV without any tangible impacts on real life.

However, after so many years and efforts, that dream has become a reality. The release of popular generative AI tools like OpenAI’s ChatGPT and other AI solutions has ushered in a modern age of AI, and this tech is now evolving at remarkable speed, with new uses discovered daily.

How Does AI Work?

Now that you have an answer to artificial intelligence, you may be eager to learn more about how it works.

At its core, AI’s functionality revolves around algorithms and data. Huge amounts of data have to first be collected and then applied to algorithms (mathematical models), which analyze that data, noting patterns and trends. This is the “training” process for AI, effectively teaching AI models and systems to carry out certain tasks.

To dig deeper, let’s explore the key components and technologies behind AI systems:

Machine Learning

As discussed previously, machine learning is essentially the process used to create AI. It’s the ability to combine data with algorithms to “teach” artificial intelligence, helping it get progressively smarter, more precise, and more efficient based on usage and historical data.

Deep Learning

Deep learning is a type of machine learning. It uses additional layers of algorithms to allow machines to learn at an even deeper level, recognizing more complicated patterns and understanding more complex processes, like image recognition. It’s a huge driving force in the evolution of AI.

Neural Networks

Machine learning and deep learning are done via neural networks. These involve multiple algorithms and consist of layers of interconnected nodes that imitate the neurons of the brain. Each node can receive and transmit data to those around it, giving AI new and ever-enhancing abilities.

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

NLP is the process of teaching computers to understand language at the human level so that they can answer questions, for example, or conduct conversations in real time. It involves a mix of technical linguistics, machine learning, and deep neural networks.

Computer Vision

Finally, computer vision is the concept of enabling machines to “see” or scan images and other forms of visual media, extracting data and insights. Computer vision has numerous applications, like facial recognition, image interpretation, and even self-driving cars.

Types of Artificial Intelligence

We can classify or divide AI into various types and categories.

For example, there’s the division of strong AI vs. weak AI, where strong AI refers to AI systems that are able to comprehend a range of concepts, acquire varied knowledge, and apply it in numerous ways. This, in many ways, is the ultimate aim and form of AI – for now, though, it’s only a fantasy. Weak AI, meanwhile, is AI trained for specific functions like content generators and language models.

We can also classify AI into four different types according to its level of intelligence:

Reactive: A reactive machine is the most primitive form of AI. As the name suggests, it reacts to the provided data, which means it can only perform roles of limited scope. It may also be referred to as “narrow AI.”
Limited Memory: Limited memory machines are those with a certain understanding of historical events and data. They can use that “experience” to build their knowledge, but cannot fully comprehend the world or broaden their reach beyond their primary functions.
Theory of Mind: This is the next stage of AI evolution, in which AI can essentially think beyond its main functions. It could broaden its understanding into numerous fields, moving towards a form of artificial general intelligence (AGI).
Self-Aware: The final form and pinnacle of AI as we know it would be self-aware machines that understand the world, themselves, and more. While such machines are far from reality, once developed, they could change the world by being able to process large amounts of data and understand almost any concept imaginable.

Examples of AI

Artificial intelligence is an immensely powerful and versatile form of technology with far-reaching applications and impacts on both personal and professional lives. Here are just some of the ways in which it’s being used.

Generative AI

One of the most well-known examples of AI in action is in the form of generative models. These tools generate content according to user prompts, like writing essays in an instant, creating images according to user needs, responding to queries, or coming up with ideas. Such technology is proving invaluable in fields such as marketing, product design, and education, among others.

Smart Assistants

AI can also be implemented in the form of smart assistants like Siri and Alexa. Powered by AI technology, these virtual companions can do so much, from answering queries to sending messages, playing music, checking the weather, or carrying out various tedious tasks, freeing workers to focus on more important matters.

Image Recognition

Through the power of computer vision, AI can interpret pictures and videos, extracting data from the very pixels themselves. Again, this has numerous possible applications. Those in interior design, for example, can turn to AI for guidance on how to decorate a space. Such tech also has applications in healthcare and the automotive industry.

Translation

Through natural language processing, AI can be used to not only hear and understand speech but also to transcribe and translate it into other languages. In effect, an AI model or assistant could serve as a reliable interpreter, facilitating discussion and collaboration between people with different native languages.

Stats and Analytics

AI is also strikingly effective at dealing with large amounts of data. It can take huge data sets or massive amounts of statistics, then clean, organize, and analyze them in seconds to extract valuable, actionable insights. This process can help businesses arrive at smarter decisions regarding their future, making it that much easier to not merely survive, but prosper in any industry.

Pros and Cons of AI

Like any technology, AI brings both pros and cons to the table.

Pros

Versatility: As shown by the examples above, AI is a versatile force applicable to many industries. It has so many uses, with so many more yet to be uncovered.
Speed: AI can carry out tasks dramatically faster than humans ever could. It can analyze vast datasets in seconds, for example.
Accuracy: When trained well and implemented correctly, AI doesn’t make mistakes. It’s reliable and accurate, removing the risk of human error.
Potential: Arguably the biggest benefit of AI is its long-term potential. There’s so much room for it to grow and transform the world for the better in fields like healthcare and education.

Cons

Misuse: AI’s remarkable functions and features can be misused. For example, content generators can be used to spread misinformation.
Job Loss: There’s a general fear in many industries that AI could eventually replace many human jobs, as it can carry out human duties much faster and more efficiently.
Uncertainty: Despite best guesses and predictions regarding the future of AI, we can’t say for sure how it might impact the world, and there’s much uncertainty about the risks it brings.

What Does the Future Look Like for AI?

The future looks bright for AI. This technology is still in its infancy, and it’s already having a massive impact on the world. As it becomes better and more intelligent, new uses will inevitably be discovered, and the part that AI has to play in society will only grow bigger.

Of course, we can’t predict the future with absolute certainty, but it seems a good bet that its development will change the global job market in more ways than one. There’s already an increasing demand for AI experts, with many new AI-related roles emerging in fields like tech and finance.

At a broader, society-wide level, we can expect AI to shape the future of human interactions, creativity, and capabilities. It’ll undoubtedly have numerous transformative impacts, both good and bad, perhaps solving problems that have plagued mankind for centuries, while also presenting new challenges for us to overcome.

A Look at AI in the Workforce

As discussed earlier, AI is already a prevalent force in the working world, with AI-powered tools embraced across numerous industries, including:

Healthcare: AI-powered solutions are helping researchers discover new treatment methods. In the future, AI robotics could even carry out complex surgeries.
Finance: AI helps financial experts with forecasting, modeling, budgeting, fraud detection, and data analysis.
Education: In education, AI helps teachers and academic professionals unlock new learning opportunities, create lesson plans, and devise more effective teaching methods.
Marketing: In marketing, AI can do everything from in-depth audience analysis to optimizing content for search engines.
Entertainment: AI models can also be used to create or fine-tune entertainment content like TV scripts, on-screen visual effects, video game character profiles, and beyond.

How to Elevate Your Business AI Understanding and Use

AI is undoubtedly the most influential technological force in the business world today and will continue to be so for years to come. Now is the ideal time to learn more about AI and gain the skills and knowledge necessary to implement it effectively in a business context.

Unlock the Power of AI in Business with a Graduate Certificate

The University of Cincinnati’s Carl H. Lindner College of Business offers an online Artificial Intelligence in Business Graduate Certificate designed for business professionals seeking to enhance their knowledge and skills in AI. This program provides essential tools for leveraging AI to increase productivity and develop AI-driven solutions for complex business challenges.

To deepen your understanding of artificial intelligence in the business world, contact a UC Online Enrollment Services Advisor to learn more or get started today.

Contact UC Online to Learn More or Get Started

Now that you understand “What is artificial intelligence?”, UC Online is ready to help you learn more. Our graduate certificate in AI opens countless doors to business opportunities. Contact us today to learn more about our AI in Business Graduate Certificate.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is artificial intelligence in simple words?

Artificial intelligence is a field of technology that focuses on helping machines think and react like people.

What are examples of artificial intelligence?

Examples of artificial intelligence include generative AI tools like ChatGPT, smart assistants such as Siri and Alexa, and image recognition systems used in facial recognition technology. AI is also present in machine learning algorithms for data analysis, natural language processing, and self-driving cars.

Where is AI used in everyday life?

AI is integrated into everyday life through smart assistants that manage tasks, recommendation systems on streaming platforms, and navigation apps that optimize routes. It is also utilized in personalized shopping experiences, automated customer service, and social media algorithms that curate content.

Why do we need AI?

AI offers numerous benefits for the future in fields like healthcare, education, and scientific research. It will help save time, money, and resources and could create helpful innovations and solutions.